Aerodynamic Optimization of High-Speed Trains Nose using a Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network

An aerodynamic optimization of the train aerodynamic characteristics in term of front wind action sensitivity is carried out in this paper. In particular, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to perform a shape optimization study of a high-speed train nose. The nose is parametrically defined via Bézier Curves, including a wider range of geometries in the design space as possible optimal solutions. Using a GA, the main disadvantage to deal with is the large number of evaluations need before finding such optimal. Here it is proposed the use of metamodels to replace Navier-Stokes solver. Among all the posibilities, Rsponse Surface Models and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are considered. Best results of prediction and generalization are obtained with ANN and those are applied in GA code. The paper shows the feasibility of using GA in combination with ANN for this problem, and solutions achieved are included

Aerodynamic Optimization of a High-speed Train using Genetic Algorithms

Genetic algorithms (GA) have been used for the minimization of the aerodynamic drag of a train subject to front wind. The significant importance of the external aerodynamic drag on the total resistance a train experiments as the cruise speed is increased highlights the interest of this study. A complete description of the methodology required for this optimization method is introduced here, where the parameterization of the geometry to be optimized and the metamodel used to speed up the optimization process are detailed. A reduction of about a 25% of the initial aerodynamic drag is obtained in this study, what confirms GA as a proper method for this optimization problem. The evolution of the nose shape is consistent with the literature. The advantage of using metamodels is stressed thanks to the information of the whole design space extracted from it. The influence of each design variable on the objective function is analyzed by means of an ANOVA test

Multi-objective Aerodynamic Optimization of High-speed Trains in Tunnels

A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed for the multi-objective shape optimization of the nose of a high-speed train. Aerodynamic problems observed at high speeds become still more relevant when traveling along a tunnel. The objective is to minimize both the aerodynamic drag and the amplitude of the pressure gradient of the compression wave when a train enters a tunnel. The main drawback of GA is the large number of evaluations need in the optimization process. Metamodels-based optimization is considered to overcome such problem. As a result, an explicit relationship between pressure gradient and geometrical parameters is obtained

Surrogate-based optimization of the nose shape of a train subjected to crosswind

Optimización multi-objetivo frente a varias direcciones del viento incidente del testero de un tren de alta velocida

Genetically aerodynamic optimization of the nose shape of a high-speed train entering a tunnel

The optimization of the nose shape of a high-speed train entering a tunnel has been performed using genetic algorithms(GA).This optimization method requires the parameterization of each optimal candidate as a design vector.The geometrical parameterization of the nose has been defined using three design variables that include the most characteristic geometrical factors affecting the compression wave generated at the entry of the train and the aerodynamic drag of the train

Aerodynamic optimization of the ICE2 high-speed train nose using a genetic algorithm and metamodels

An aerodynamic optimization of the ICE 2 high-speed train nose in term of front wind action sensitivity is carried out in this paper. The nose is parametrically defined by Be?zier Curves, and a three-dimensional representation of the nose is obtained using thirty one design variables. This implies a more complete parametrization, allowing the representation of a real model. In order to perform this study a genetic algorithm (GA) is used. Using a GA involves a large number of evaluations before finding such optimal. Hence it is proposed the use of metamodels or surrogate models to replace Navier-Stokes solver and speed up the optimization process. Adaptive sampling is considered to optimize surrogate model fitting and minimize computational cost when dealing with a very large number of design parameters. The paper introduces the feasi- bility of using GA in combination with metamodels for real high-speed train geometry optimization

Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire to Assess Perceptions of Corporal Expression in Future Spanish Teachers

Corporal expression is a content that is forgotten by most educators but has been proved to bring numerous benefits to students of all ages. Teacher perceptions and beliefs play a fundamental role in the teaching-learning process, influencing students to a great extent. This study aims to present the factor structure and reliability of a questionnaire for the assessment of teachers’ perceptions about corporal expression. The sample consisted of 212 Spanish prospective teachers who completed the questionnaire to assess their readiness and appreciation about corporal expression. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as reliability testing, were carried out. The results showed a factor structure with 3 dimensions (pleasure, preference, and evaluation of corporal expression) composed of 23 items with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values and high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71–0.93). Thus, the questionnaire can be considered a quick and easy-to-apply tool to analyze prospective teacher’s perceptions about their preparation to address their students’ corporal expression, allowing stakeholders to take actions to promote it

Descriptive Analysis of Sports Tourists in Spain

Sports tourism is a decisive factor in geographical mobility for leisure purposes. These activities entail certain acts and consequences inherent in their execution, which are worthy of study from the perspective of sustainable and reasonable tourism. Previous studies tried to show the characteristics of this type of tourist but did not provide relevant information to offer the necessary services to provide, to understand their patterns of habits, and to be able to act correctly. This paper aims to study the profile of the sports tourism consumer. Data provided by the National Institute of Statistics for the year 2019 was analyzed, taking a sample of 1496 people for statistical analysis. From these statistical analyses, key information on consumer profiles can be gleaned. Findings showed that people with Spanish nationality predominate, being mainly men. Both sexes show that they are over 40 years of age, with higher education, mostly married, cohabitation with a partner with children at home, with permanent employment contracts and certain patterns of behavior such as the use of their private car, and staying mainly in hotels or aparthotels. Therefore, from the point of view of sustainable tourism, it is vital to draw up profiles and patterns of consumers of this tourism, to evaluate and study its ecological, environmental, and social impact, as well as taking the appropriate measures to balance the balance between sports tourism and sustainability.El turismo deportivo es un factor decisivo en la movilidad geográfica con fines de ocio. Estas actividades conllevan ciertos actos y consecuencias inherentes a su ejecución, que son dignos de estudio desde la perspectiva del turismo sostenible y razonable. Estudios anteriores trataron de mostrar las características de este tipo de turista pero no aportaron información relevante para ofrecer los servicios necesarios a prestar, para conocer sus patrones de hábitos y poder actuar correctamente. Este trabajo pretende estudiar el perfil del consumidor de turismo deportivo. Se han analizado los datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística para el año 2019, tomando una muestra de 1496 personas para su análisis estadístico. De estos análisis estadísticos se puede extraer información clave sobre el perfil del consumidor. L os resultados mostraron que predominan las personas con nacionalidad española, existiendo una proporción mayor de hombres que de mujeres. De ambos sexos se desprende que son mayores de 40 años, con estudios superiores, mayoritariamente casados, con convivencia en pareja y con hijos en el hogar, con contratos laborales indefinidos y con ciertas pautas de comportamiento como el uso de su coche particular, y alojándose principalmente en hoteles o apartahoteles. Por lo tanto, desde el punto de vista del turismo sostenible, es vital elaborar perfiles y patrones de los consumidores de este turismo, para evaluar y estudiar su impacto ecológico, ambiental y social, así como tomar las medidas aptas para equilibrar la balanza entre el turismo deportivo y la sostenibilidad

La "app" Google Lens en la didáctica universitaria de códigos verbales y artísticos

Memoria ID-113. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Mycobacterium bovis in Wild Artiodactyl Species from Southern Spain, 2006–2010

The control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is at a critical point in the last stage of eradication in livestock. Wildlife species recently have emerged infected with TB in Europe, particularly ungulates in the Iberian Peninsula. Epidemiological information regarding TB in wild ungulates including affected species, prevalence, associated risk factors and appropriate diagnostic methods need to be obtained in these countries